《缺陷汽车产品召回管理条例》去年1月起正式实施,去年全国共实施汽车召回活动133次,召回缺陷汽车531万辆。质检总局副局长陈钢指出:很多企业召回缺陷汽车是受质检总局调查影响之后进行的,也有一些企业安全意识不强,存在侥幸心理,刻意隐瞒缺陷,目前还有相当数量的汽车企业从未开展过召回,质检总局将加强监管。(中广网3月18日)
在国外成熟的汽车销售市场中,对缺陷汽车召回既受到严格的法律规定和执法部门的规制,也是车企对消费者人身财产安全表达负责态度的方式,召回缺陷汽车的品牌在之后未必不受信任。我们的汽车召回制度从部门规章上升为行政法规后,“不少企业从没有对问题车进行过召回”,这对法规权威、车企声誉和消费者权益无疑都是一种伤害。
去年,我国汽车销量突破2000万辆,早已超越美国而成为全球第一大市场。在“汽车大国”的背后,是中国汽车企业的赚钱能力也水涨船高。整车行业在国外是竞争较为充分的行业,一般而言,3%的利润率已相当不错。以2009年为例,全球各大车企能达到3%利润率的实属凤毛麟角,大众汽车的利润率更是不到1%。可是,几大国产车企去年的利润率多保持在10%左右。去年,有分析机构预测,我国某国产车企将成为全球利润率最高的车企,超过以高利润率著称的法拉利。
中国车企之所以“暴利”得让国际巨头“艳羡”,表面上看是因为我国的中高端车型的价格比国外同级别车型要贵,深层原因则在于此前带有保护性质的汽车产业政策。譬如,国家曾推出一系列鼓励小排量汽车的相关政策,如车购税减征、汽车下乡等,我们的自主品牌汽车正是以小排量车为主。一定程度上,恰恰是国内的汽车产业政策,让竞争力并不十分强的国内车企获利。
在目前的汽车市场当中,跨国公司的研发投入比例一般占到企业销售收入的5%至6%,有的企业甚至更高;而我国车企的研发投入一般只占到销售收入的1%至2%左右。这种情势下,如果放任国内车企隐瞒缺陷逃避召回责任,显然更不利于国内车企的技术升级和进步,对整个汽车产业的发展也将是一种伤害。就如同我们的钢铁产量虽然也居全球之冠,但技术升级迟滞不前,使得高端钢主要依赖于进口,而国内同时出现产能严重过剩——汽车工业发展如果不想步其后尘,首先需要调整产业政策,据悉,工信部已会同有关部门修订汽车产业发展政策。
另一方面,结合新消法的实施,以及汽车“三包”政策、召回制度,严格规制车企责任,对刻意隐瞒缺陷的车企不妨依法重罚并公开,以市场倒逼其技术升级。让车企对消费者负责,也就是对汽车产业发展负责。
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